Not many people are aware of the effects Ozempic and other semaglutide medications can have on the mouth. However, in clinical observation, many dentists are seeing oral side effects that are now commonly referred to as “Ozempic teeth.”

Ozempic, the brand name for semaglutide, is an injection used along with exercise and diet to improve glucose levels in adults with type 2 diabetes, which can ultimately help reduce the risk of major cardiovascular events. Ozempic functions by mimicking a hormone known as glucagon-like-peptide-1 (GLP-1). This hormone functions to stimulate insulin release, which helps lower blood sugar levels, slows down the digestion process allowing one to feel full longer, and helps suppress appetite. Overall, semaglutide medications help to improve blood sugar control which can ultimately lead to weight loss in patients with obesity.

If you are currently taking or plan to take this medication, it is important to understand possible side effects on the oral cavity.

GLP-1 medications can possibly reduce thirst, leading to less saliva and xerostomia, or dry mouth. Unfortunately, when one experiences diminished salivary flow, it can lead to tooth decay, gum disease and bad breath.
Bad breath not only happens with dry mouth linked to “Ozempic teeth,” but also due to GLP-1 medications’ action on the digestive system. Ozempic works to slow down digestion, which can lead to acid reflux due to the delayed stomach emptying. Acid reflux moves stomach acids back up to the esophagus and sometimes into the mouth, which can result in sour, smelly breath that seems to linger.
Nausea and vomiting are common side effects of Ozempic. When vomiting occurs, stomach acids enter the mouth and touch the teeth, which can ultimately lead to weakening of the enamel due to the low pH of the stomach acids.

These indirect side effects of GLP-1 medications can contribute to more significant oral health issues, including increased decay, enamel erosion and enamel wear. Dentists are seeing these effects more often in patients taking GLP-1 medications.

The good news is that these side effects are manageable. Key strategies include staying consistent with routine dental cleanings and exams so that you can communicate any changes you notice. Also, drinking a lot of water throughout the day to keep the mouth hydrated. If nausea and/or vomiting occur, rinse the mouth with water prior to brushing. If experiencing dry mouth, chew sugar-free gum or suck on sugar-free lozenges to help to stimulate saliva production, which can ultimately help keep the mouth hydrated and neutralize any harmful acids.

If you have experienced any of these symptoms related to Ozempic or other GLP-1 medications, contact your dentist for further discussion.

Sarah Khoshniyati (“Dr. Sarah”) is a dentist with Palm Desert Smiles and can be reached at (760) 568.3602.